Effects of Different Straw Returning Methods on Soil Nutrients,Maize Growth and Yield in Black Soil of Northeast China

Jiang Zhuolin; Wang Jiaqi; Li Chunyue; Zhang Shuang; Gu Xiaowei; Song Zhanying; Ren Zhongliang; Li Mingxuan; Wang Lin; Geng Yuhui

doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.11.014

Abstract：Aiming at the problems of thinning and weakening of the black soil plow layer in the Northeast China,this study conducted a field experiment in the black soil region of the Northeast China.Taking tradi-tional tillage as the control(CK),four straw returning methods were set on the basis of straw returning,inclu-ding film covering(FG),deep plowing(SF),swine manure strip composting(ZF)and decomposer strip composting(YJ),resulting in a total of five treatments.The effects of different straw returning methods on soil nutrients in the plow layer(0～20 cm)and sub-plow layer(20～40 cm)were studied,as well as nutrient ab-sorption,yield and nutrient use efficiency of maize plants.The results showed that the overall effects of differ-ent treatments on maize growth and yield traits were in the order of ZF>SF>YJ>FG>CK.The ZF treat-ment had the highest contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in the plow layer soil,as well as the highest total dry matter of maize plants,with significant differences compared to CK with increase of 19.02%,49.76%,53.86%,15.12%and 32.32%,respectively.The nutrient contents in the plow layer soil under the ZF treatment were significantly higher than those under the SF treatment,while that in the sub-plow layer soil were lower than those under the SF treatment with a sig-nificant difference in alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content.The ZF treatment significantly increased the accu-mulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different organs and the total accumulation of maize plants,and significantly improved the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiency of maize,as well as the agro-nomic efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and the partial productivity of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.Compared with CK,the maize yield under different straw returning treatments in-creased significantly,with an increase range of 3.96%to 8.71%,and the ZF treatment had the largest in-crease.In conclusion,the swine manure strip composting treatment was an effective method for improving soil plow layer fertility,regulating plant nutrients,and increasing yield.However,in the long run,deep plowing treatment would be more beneficial to the sustainable development of soil.This conclusion could provide theo-retical support for the rational establishment of black soil plow layer and the sustainable utilization of agricul-tural resources.