Responses of Crop Yield and Water-Fertilizer Use Efficiency to Variety,Sowing Date and Water-Fertilizer Management in Wheat-Maize Rotation System

Xu Yunyao; Song Chaoyu; Jiang Wen; Liu Shutang; Wei Wenliang

doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.07.013

Abstract：Proper variety combinations,suitable sowing dates and rates,and efficient and coordinated utiliza-tion of water and fertilizer are important ways to improve crop yield per unit area,and of great importance for ensuring food security in China.In this study,four water-fertilizer management treatments were set as tradition-al control(TCK),traditional treatment(T),integrated water-fertilizer control(WFCK)and integrated water-fertilizer treatment(WF),and three wheat varieties of Jimai 22(JM22),Qingnong 2(QN2)and Yannong 999(YN999)were selected for rotation with maize varieties of Zhengdan 958(ZD958),Dika 517(DK517)and Jingke 728(JK728),respectively.The field experiments were conducted at 3 wheat sowing dates of Octo-ber 16(D1),October 22(D2)and October 28(D3)to investigate the effects of water-fertilizer manage-ments on aboveground biomass,nitrogen uptake,yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency of wheat and maize.The results showed that there were significant differences in plant biomass,nitrogen uptake,yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency of wheat and maize under different varieties,sowing dates and water-fertilizer manage-ment treatments.The aboveground biomass of QN2 was significantly increased by 5.47％and 9.45％compared to JM22 and YN999,respectively,while that of ZD958 was significantly increased by 2.19％and 4.22％com-pared to DK517 and JK728,respectively.D1 treatment significantly increased wheat aboveground biomass by 3.17％and 9.43％compared to D2 and D3 treatments,respectively.Compared to traditional treatments(TCK and T),integrated water-fertilizer treatments(WFCK and WF)increased wheat and maize abovesround bio-mass by 5.77％and 6.94％on average,respectively.The yield of QN2 significantly increased by 5.22％and 9.46％compared to JM22 and YN999,respectively,while no significant differences in yield were observed a-mong maize varieties.D2 treatment increased wheat yield by 3.00％and 8.73％compared to D1 and D3 treat-ments,respectively.WFCK,T and WF treatments significantly increased the wheat and maize yields compared to TCK,TCK and WFCK treatments,respectively.Although there was no significant differences in yield be-tween WF and T treatments,WF treatment significantly improved the irrigation water productivity and nitrogen partial productivity of wheat and maize by 36.97％and 45.01％,and 26.12％and 22.46％,respectively,com-pared to T treatment.In conclusion,the rotation of QN2-DK517 combined with appropriately early wheat so-wing could enhance crop biomass,aboveground nitrogen uptake and yield.Compared to traditional manage-ment mode,integrated water-fertilizer management could improve water and fertilizer use efficiency while maintaining crop yield.