Heterosis Analysis of Stomatal Traits of Leaves and Yield Related Traits in Maize

Wei Xiaoyi; Sun Pei; Li Fangjie; Shi Dakun; Wei Feng; Liu Junheng; Song Binbin; Chang Zhijie; Liu Hongyu

doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.06.005

Abstract：In order to explore the influence of stomatal traits of maize leaves on yield,and then breed high-yield and stress-resistant maize hybrids,four maize hybrids and their parents were used as experimental materials.The chlorophyll content and stomatal traits of leaves at filling stage,and the yield related traits were determined,and the heterosis of each trait of F,hybrid were analyzed.The results showed that,as for the yield related traits,the heterosis of ear length,grain number per row,single ear weight and grain weight per ear were relatively larger,while the heterosis of row number per ear,grain width,grain thickness and 100-grain weight were relatively smaller.As for the stomatal traits of leaves,the heterosis of stomatal area and stomatal area index on the adaxial surface,and the stomatal length,stomatal area and stomatal circumference on the abaxial surface were relatively larger,while the heterosis of stomatal density and stomatal index on the adaxial surface and the abaxial surface were relatively smaller.Within a certain spatial scale,the spatial distribution of stomata of Shuoyu 172 and Shuoyu 173 was the most regular,and the scale range of regular distribution was larger.The chlorophyll content of Shuoyu 172 was extremely significantly higher than that of the other three va-rieties.The yield of Shuoyu 172 was the highest,followed by Baojing 186,and the differences reached the ex-tremely significant level.In summary,the smaller the stomatal area was,the larger the stomatal density and the higher the stomatal index of the hybrid were,thus the stronger the stress resistance of hybrid and the higher the yield of hybrid were.This conclusion could provide theoretical guidance for the breeding of maize hybrids.