Effects of Calcium Application on Source-Sink Characteristics and Yield of Peanut with Weak Source and Large Sink

Yang Zhixiang; Gao Qing; Liu Guanghua; Tang Kang; Luo Zinan; Liu Dengwang; Zeng Ningbo; Li Lin

doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.03.015

Abstract：Peanut is a calcium-loving crop,and different varieties have large variation in the sensitivity to calcium deficiency.To explore the impact of calcium application on the source-sink characteristics of large-seeded peanut with weak source capacity,a pot experiment was conducted.Two varieties of Xianghei Xiaoguo(V1,small to medium seeds)and Xianghua 522(V2,large seeds)were selected as the test material,along with the southern typical calcium-deficient red soil(exchangeable calcium 700.0 mg/kg)as the substrate.Three calcium application rates were set as 0(Ca0),50(Ca50)and 75 kg per 666.7m2(Ca75)representing soil backgrounds(control),medium calcium and high calcium levels,respectively.Morphological construc-tion,dry matter accumulation,source-sink characteristics,yield components and other indicators were used to investigate the source-sink characteristics and calcium regulation effects on large-seeded peanut with weak source capacity.The results were as follows.(1)Calcium application had a significant effect on source strengthening and sink expansion.From pod setting to maturity,the leaf area index increased significantly,and that of V,and V2 increased by 5.76％to 53.66％and 21.22％to 40.25％,respectively.The dry matter ac-cumulation of plant organs increased significantly,and the single plant biomass and kernel of V1 and V2 in-creased by 37.30％to 43.73％and 66.26％to 68.68％,and 33.74％to 44.49％and 136.5％to 154.4％,re-spectively;single plant yield increased significantly,and that of V1 and V2 increased by 44.21％to 44.58％and 21.35％to 26.92％,respectively.Calcium application significantly increased the root-to-shoot ratio of V1 by 23.08％to 38.46％and the economic coefficient of V2 at pod-setting and mature stages by 115.79％～131.58％and 26.09％,respectively.(2)The strong source effect of calcium application in the middle growth period was greater than the sink expansion effect,while the opposite was true at the later stage.Calcium appli-cation significantly increased the source-sink ratio at pod-setting and pod-filling stages for V1,which reached 17.05％to 63.25％and 11.28％to 31.71％respectively with little difference at maturity.Calcium application for V2 significantly decreased the source-sink ratio at pod-setting and maturity stages compared to CK,reaching 60.42％to 63.36％and 22.43％to 22.66％,respectively,but increased that at pod-filling stage by 35.96％to 49.28％.Calcium application promoted the increase of V/R at pod-setting and pod-filling stages for V1,while decreased that at maturity.For V2,except for pod-setting stage,the effect of calcium application on V/R was basically consistent with V1,and the reduction at maturity was 11.00％to 16.00％and 35.42％to 37.50％.In summary,calcium application could coordinate the relationships between aboveground and underground parts of peanut,nutritional growth and reproductive growth,economic yield and biological yield,and also the source-sink relationship,so as to facilitate the conversion and accumulation of dry matter in pods,and thereby increasing yield.