Effects of Drip Irrigation Sequence of Water and Fertilizer and Nitrogen Fertilizer Forms on Winter Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Utilization

Wang Kehui; Liao Anli; Zhao Le; Li Lingyan; Li Songjian; Wan Xuejie; Liu Yiguo; Shi Changhai

doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.03.014

Abstract：The column experiment was conducted in this study to investigate the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers and drip irrigation sequences of water and fertilizer on winter wheat yield and nitrogen uti-lization.Three forms of nitrogen fertilizers including nitrate nitrogen(sodium nitrate,N),ammonium nitrogen(ammonium chloride,A)and amide nitrogen(urea,U)were used,and three drip irrigation sequences of wa-ter and fertilizer were set as nitrogen-water-water(NW),water-nitrogen-water(WN)and water-water-nitro-gen(WW),which resulted in a total of nine treatments.The effects of nitrogen forms,water-fertilizer se-quences and their interaction on winter wheat yield and nitrogen utilization were studied.The results showed that the WN treatment with U application had higher nitrate nitrogen content in 0～20-and 20～40-cm soil lay-ers,as well as yield and its components.The yield ranking among different nitrogen forms was U＞N＞A,while that among different water-fertilizer sequences was WN＞WW＞NW under the same nitrogen form.Under U ap-plication,the thousand-grain weight of WN treatment was 11.9％and 10.1％higher than that of NW and WW treatments,and the yield significantly increased by 3.9％and 2.8％,respectively.The nitrogen transport a-mount under U application was significantly higher than that under A and N application treatments by 28.6％and 23.3％.The nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen absorption utilization efficiency,nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency,and nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency were higher under U application combined with WN treatment.For the same nitrogen form,there was no significant difference in glutamine synthetase(GS)activity in flag leaves among different water-fertilizer sequence treatments.However,for the same water-fertilizer sequence,the GS activity in flag leaves ranking among different nitrogen forms was U＞N＞A.The ni-trate reductase(NR)activity in flag leaves of WN,NW and WW treatments under N application was signifi-cantly higher than that under A application.In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,applying urea combined with water-nitrogen-water drip irrigation could increase the thousand-grain weight,enhance the GS and NR activities in flag leaves,reduce apparent nitrogen loss,and thereby improve winter wheat yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.