Impact of Apple Branch Compost on Rhizosphere Soil Nutrient and Microbial Diversity in Apple Orchards

Wang Sen; He Ping; Chang Yuansheng; He Xiaowen; Che Shengguo; Zheng Wenyan; Li Linguang; Wang Haibo

doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.03.012

Abstract：The effects of apple branch compost on nutrients,enzymes and microbial diversity of apple rhizosphere soil were studied in this experiment in order to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of ap-ple pruning waste resources.The impacts of applying fermented pruned branches(T1),fermented rabbit ma-nure(T2),composted pruned branches(T3)and conventional fertilizer management(CK)on the physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities of apple rhizosphere soil were studied,and the high-throughput se-quencing was employed to analyze the differences in bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity.The results showed that the soil under T3 treatment exhibited significant increases in organic matter,available nitrogen(N),available phosphorus(P),available potassium(K),available calcium(Ca)and available zinc(Zn)compared to T1 and T2 treatments.The activities of soil enzymes including catalase,sucrase,phos-phatase and urease were enhanced by 40.43％,78.37％,52.36％and 83.87％respectively compare to CK.The Chao1 index and Shannon index of soil bacteria and fungi increased significantly,while the Simpson index decreased significantly.Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria,account-ing for 76.76％to 82.23％in relative abundance.The fungi was mainly composed of Ascomycota,Zygomycota and Basidiomycota,and Ascomycota was the absolute dominant phylum with the relative abundance ranging from 50.20％to 67.24％.The diversity and structure of bacterial communities in apple rhizosphere were mainly affected by the content of available iron in soil,and those of fungal communities were mainly affected by the a-vailable nitrogen content.These findings suggested that the addition of branch compost in orchards could signif-icantly increase the contents of available nutrients,activities of enzymes,and species richness and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi communities,so improved the soil environment of orchards.