Enrichment Characteristics and Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metal Cadmium in Farmland Soil and Winter Wheat Grains in Different Functional Districts of Northern Henan Province

Xue Zhiwei; Huang Qingqing; Mu Xinyuan; Yang Chunling

doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.02.017

Abstract：Winter wheat is one of the main food crops in Henan Province,so it is very important to un-derstand and master the local ecological environment for wheat production.In this paper,the industrial dis-trict,tourist district,utility district and agricultural district of the northern Henan Province were taken as re-search objects,and the soil and wheat grain samples were collected in wheat harvest period.Through point-to-point sampling of soil and wheat,laboratory testing and statistical analysis of data,the heavy metal cadmium content and risk of farmland soil and wheat grains were detected and analyzed.The results showed that the Cd content in the soil of the sampled wheat fields was 0.13 to 1.23 mg·kg-1,while that in wheat grains was 0.01 to 0.17 mg·kg-1.The Cd content in wheat grains was lower than that in corresponding soil.The Cd content in few soil samples and wheat grains in the industrial district,tourist district and utility district exceeded the standard.There was significantly positive correlation between the content of soil Cd and that of wheat grain Cd(P＜0.01)in the industrial district and utility district,and there was positive correlation at not significant level between them in the tourist district and agricultural district.The average enrichment coefficient of Cd in soil was the highest in wheat grains in the utility district(0.149),followed by the industrial district and tourist district(0.136 and 0.135,respectively),and that was the lowest in the agricultural district(0.111).The re-sults of single pollution assessment of Cd and comprehensive pollution assessment showed that the wheat grains were not polluted in the tourist district and agricultural district,but the comprehensive pollution assessment showed that they were mildly polluted in the industrial district and utility district.After comprehensive evalua-tion,the ecological environment of the northern Henan Province was suitable for wheat planting and growth,and the heavy metal cadmium pollution of wheat grains was low.