Research progress on the mechanism of inflammation response mediated by cGAS-STING signaling pathway in immune and inflammation related diseases
SUN Shanpeng
YANG Fengming
ZHANG Xiaohan
FENG Tingting
YUAN Xizhe
LI Shangbin
Abstract：The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the body's recognition of cytosolic DNA,triggering innate immune responses.By detecting aberrant DNA,cGAS synthesizes cGAMP,which activates STING and subsequently induces the expression of type Ⅰ interferon(IFN-Ⅰ)and pro-inflammatory cytokines,thus contributing to antiviral,antibacterial,and antitumor immunity.However,dysregulation of this pathway can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases.This review explores the composition and biological functions of the cGAS-STING pathway,including the structure and function of cGAS,the signaling mechanisms of STING,and the activation process upon the binding of cGAMP to STING.We examine the dual roles of this pathway in inflammatory responses and analyze its complex involvement in autoimmune diseases,inflammatory conditions,infectious diseases,and cancer immunity.Furthermore,the review highlights the multi-layered regulatory mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway,encompassing transcriptional regulation,post-translational modifications,and modulation of organelle microenvironments.Po-tential therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway,including cGAS antagonists and STING inhibitors,are also discussed.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the refinement of regulatory mechanisms,the functional expansion of STING,its interaction with the immune microenvironment,and the optimization of targeted therapeutic strategies.A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing the cGAS-STING pathway and its role in disease is poised to offer novel insights and therapeutic targets for the precision treatment of related diseases.
Keywords：cGAS-STING signaling pathwayInflammatory responseAutoimmune diseasesRegulatory mechanisms
Publication Date：2025-11-30
Online Publishing Date：2025-12-24(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：9( 1110-1118 )