PROGRESSES IN MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF AIR-SEA MOMENTUM AND ENTHALPY EXCHANGES IN TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENTS
ZHAO Zhong-kuo
Abstract：The exchanges of air-sea momentum and enthalpy have significant influences on the atmospheric and oceanic environments of tropical cyclones.With an introduction of the methods of measurement and analysis,this paper reviews the progresses of air-sea exchanges at high wind made by field and laboratory experiments in recent years:(1) For the momentum flux,a consensus is that the observed drag coefficients (CD) level off or even decrease for wind speeds above a special threshold,which varies in a range of 24 ～ 40 m/s according to different experiments.(2) For the enthalpy flux,there are large uncertainties in the measurements and no consistent identifications of the effect of sea spray.Almost all the observed enthalpy exchange coefficients (CE)show no significant dependence on wind speed.An overview is given on the applications of the current knowledge of CD and CE in numerical models.Furthermore,according to the published field data,we propose a CD parameterization applicable for the shallow,intermediate and deep water conditions,which takes a common function form with different coefficients in the three conditions;and the probability distribution of CE in high wind is compiled.
Keywords：air-sea exchanges in tropical cyclonemomentumdrag coefficiententhalpyenthalpy exchange coefficient
Publication Date：2016-01-01
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：7( 918-924 )