Evaluation of Villagers'Satisfaction to Public Spaces in Traditional Villages and Identification of Obstacle Factors:A Case Study Based on Nanjiao Village in Beijing

ZHANG Chaoyu; MENG Shiyu; ZHANG Hanwen; ZHANG Yunlu

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2025.03.006

Abstract：As a key location for villagers'productive and living activities,the public spaces of traditional villages are irreplaceable,holding precious historical,cultural,and social value.Under the impact of urbanization and tourism development,the public spaces of traditional villages are facing problems such as functional decline,lack of characteristics,and insufficient power for endogenous development.These issues have resulted in separating the existing built space from the actual needs of the villagers and decreasing villagers'inner sense of belonging.In 2024,China's Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Notice on Organizing the Application for the 2024 Demonstration of Concentrated and Contiguous Protection and Utilization of Traditional Villages.This served as a policy guide and put forward higher requirements for protecting and constructing the human settlement environment in traditional villages.Villagers are the main body of long-term development in villages,and evaluating villagers'satisfaction is an important scientific basis for measuring the effectiveness of public space construction in traditional villages.However,most of the existing studies start from the perspective of external evaluators,ignoring the villagers'needs,and the evaluation system construction method is not sufficiently objective.A set of evaluation index systems that apply to the public spaces of traditional villages is urgently needed to achieve the practical,effective correlation between villagers'demand for use and rural construction.This would provide scientific support for protecting and utilizing the public spaces in traditional villages.An empirical study was carried out on Nanjiao Village,a typical traditional village in Beijing.An evaluation system of villagers'satisfaction with the public spaces of Nanjiao Village was established through a literature review,integration of high-frequency words,and opinion collection.This system covers 15 indexes of three dimensions,including "spatial environment","psychological perception",and"history and culture".The weights of indexes were determined by the AHP-entropy weight combination method.Later,villagers'satisfaction with six selected samples of public spaces was measured quantitatively using the TOPSIS-grey correlation model.Finally,three types of key obstacle factors against common public spaces were recognized based on the obstacle degree model.Through a differentiation analysis of the obstacle degree results,an optimization strategy of traditional village public space was proposed,which fits better with villagers'needs and usage preferences.Results showed that(1)folklore activity participation,activity facilities,spatial location,degree of neighborhood affinity,and spatial function are more important in influencing villagers'satisfaction.These indexes show a strong correlation with the villagers'daily lives.(2)In the relative closeness results of grey correlation,Guojielou Building(0.6762)and Gujie Street(0.6469)show relatively high satisfaction levels(0.6762 and 0.6469,respectively),whereas the rest spaces show moderate satisfaction levels.Among the three types of public spaces,the traffic gateway space presented the highest satisfaction level(0.6616),followed by the historical and cultural space(0.5358).The modern functional space showed the lowest satisfaction level(0.4323)and needs attention.(3)In the results of the barrier degree model,landscape greening,spatial function,spatial regional characteristics,and participation in folklore activities were the main obstacles to villagers'satisfaction with public spaces.Accordingly,the refined optimization strategies were proposed for different space types.This study built an evaluation system for satisfaction with public spaces in traditional villages based on the villagers'perspectives,which offset insufficient attention to villagers in previous studies.The current study also proposes an innovative methodology system combining the hierarchical analysis method,entropy weight method,TOPSIS-grey correlation model,and obstacle degree model.This provides a more scientifically and objectively quantitative evaluation of the results of villagers'satisfaction and precisely identifies the significant obstacle factors against different types of public space.The rationality and operability of this methodology were verified through an empirical study.Research results can provide effective theoretical references for the renewal and protection of public spaces in traditional villages in similar areas of China.Future studies could further expand the scope of empirical evidence to provide more diversified methods and paths for public space renewal of traditional villages in different geographical types.