Research on Multi-objective Optimization Design of Atrium Skylight in University Library:A Case Study Based on the Learning Center of China University of Petroleum(East China)West Campus in Guzhenkou District

WANG Yang; CHEN Dapeng; HUANG Ruicong

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2025.01.003

Abstract：With the development of Chinese higher education,college students and faculty put forward higher requirements for the comfort and sustainability of building space.There is huge potential for energy saving in college campus buildings.The library is the core building for teaching and research in universities.With the advancement of modern educational concepts,libraries have transformed into the places of information exchange,and the library atrium has become the main space to achieve spatial flexibility and comfort.Skylights play an important role in improving atrium lighting and regulating the physical environment.However,the relationship between skylights and environment remains unclear.At the same time,the evaluation of the light environment requires a dual evaluation standard combining functionality and health.Importantly,with the traditional architectural design method,it is difficult to achieve a balance of multi-dimensional needs.With the continuous development of computer technology,the use of environmental performance simulation technology and multi-objective optimization decision-making have become feasible architectural design approaches. In this study,the learning centre of China University of Petroleum(East China)west campus in Guzhenkou district was taken as the case sample.The basic design concept and morphological characteristics of the atrium space were analyzed,and the teaching cycle of the university and library use behaviour were clarified.Then,the key parameters of the building space were extracted,the morphology of the skylight components and decision variables were summarized,and a simplified parametric space model was constructed with the help of the Rhino-Grasshopper parametric platform.Subsequently,the change and reference values of the four visual effect static lighting indexes were sorted out through pre-experiments,and the basic data for the non-visual effect performance simulation were obtained.Finally,based on the pre-experiment results,relevant specification requirements and the use behavior of the library atrium,a spatial environment evaluation system was proposed,containing optimization objectives for the spatial daylight factor(sDF),daylight glare probability(DGP),spatial useful daylight illuminance(sUDI),circadian frequency(CF)and unfavorable radiation(Rad). In the subsequent simulation optimization stage,the environmental performance simulation plug-in Ladybug Tools and the optimization plug-in Wallacei were used to optimize the solution.A total of 1800 sets of data and 314 Pareto optimal solutions were generated.The preliminary optimization results demonstrated that the simulation was successful but needed improvement.On this basis,with the help of various screening tools provided by the plug-in program and the distribution characteristics of the data results,a multi-stage scheme verification mechanism was constructed.Then,a series of appropriate and diverse solutions were extracted.The results obtained from the different evaluation criteria had different focuses.Using the evaluation thinking approach combining subjectivity and objectivity,an individual solution with balanced benefits was finally obtained.The correlation analysis further clarified the relationships between the decision variables and the optimization objective and identified the defects in parameter setting and objective selection.These findings provide a reference for the next stage of scheme screening and the subsequent improvement of the experimental scheme. The above method emphasizes the correlations between morphological parameters,behavioural characteristics and usage needs.The method maximally avoids the subjective thinking of traditional architectural design methods.The design method based on environmental performance simulation provides a reference for architects to make scheme decisions.The genetic algorithm effectively balances the optimization indexes and ensures the reliability and diversity of the design scheme.In addition,the flexibility of the parameterized platform is conducive to the rapid adjustment of the scheme and experiment,which results in improved design efficiency.The method not only provides an approach and ideas for the design of atrium skylights in college libraries,but also has extensive reference value for various designs in different regions and scales.