Meta-analysis of the dietary patterns on the risk of developing urolithiasis and its underlying mechanisms

ZHANG Yanli; HUA Limei; CHEN Yujie; REN Jianping; WU Qiong; LI Ting

doi:10.13431/j.cnki.immunol.j.20260017

Abstract：Objective To systematically evaluate the association between different dietary patterns and the risk of developing urolithiasis,as well as the underlying mechanisms.Methods Data were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI,and Wanfang databases,covering observational studies published from the database establishment to December 2024 regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of urolithiasis.Two scholars independently conducted literature screening,data collection,and assessment of the bias of the studies.Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software.Results A total of 17 studies were included,covering 10 cohort studies,5 case-control studies,and 2 cross-sectional studies,with a total sample size of 215,683 participants.The meta-analysis results showed that a plant-based dietary pattern could reduce the risk of urolithiasis(OR=0.83,95％CI:0.72,0.94),while an animal-based food pattern(OR=1.36,95％CI:1.25,1.47)and a high-sugar sweet food pattern(OR=1.24,95％CI:1.06,1.46)would increase the risk of urolithiasis.The impact of different dietary patterns on the risk of urolithiasis might be related to changes in urine pH and the excretion of key lithogenic substances(such as calcium,oxalate,and citrate).Conclusion A plant-based dietary pattern is a protective factor against the development of urolithiasis,while an animal-based food pattern and a high-sugar sweet food pattern are risk factors.It is recommended to promote a diet rich in fruits and vegetables in the primary prevention of urolithiasis,and to moderately limit the intake of animal protein and high-sugar foods.