Analysis of allergen detection results for atopic dermatitis in children at a hospital in Suzhou area from 2023 to 2024

SHI Yanbiao; GU Mengmeng; LI Shuxiang

doi:10.13431/j.cnki.immunol.j.20250126

Abstract：Objective To investigate the distribution of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)in children with atopic dermatitis(AD)in the Suzhou area.Methods A total of 767 children with AD aged 0-14 years admitted between January 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled as research subjects.Serum levels of sIgE against 26 allergens were detected using fluorescence immunoassay,and the positive rates and distribution characteristics of sIgE were analyzed across different genders,ages,and seasons among the pediatric patients.Results Among the 767 children,647(84.4%)tested positive for sIgE to at least one allergen.The positive rate for food sIgE was 55.7%,with the top three being egg/egg white(44.6%),milk(32.5%),and wheat(11.9%).The positive rate for inhalant sIgE was 38.5%,with the top three being Dermatophagoides farinae(30.1%),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(29.2%),and Alternaria alternata(16.4%).The positive rate of sensitization to food sIgE was the highest in children aged<1 year(P<0.01)and gradually decreased with age thereafter.The positive rate of inhalant sIgE was the highest at 58.5%in children aged 7-10 years(P<0.01).There was no significant seasonal difference in the overall positive rate of food sIgE among AD children(P>0.05),whereas the positive rate of inhalant sIgE was higher in summer and autumn(P<0.05).Single-allergen analysis showed that the positive rates for Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific sIgE were both higher in summer and autumn,and the positive rate for Alternaria alternata-specific sIgE was significantly higher in autumn than in other seasons(P<0.05,P<0.01).Among the 767 children,34.4%were positive for sIgE to three or more allergens.Regarding the proportion of sIgE concentration levels≥grade 3,Dermatophagoides farinae ranked the highest(67.1%),followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(67.0%),and Alternaria alternata(65.1%).Conclusion The distribution of certain allergens among children with AD in the Suzhou area shows certain variations across different age groups and seasons.Therefore,rational planning and timely avoidance of high-risk allergens are necessary for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis.