Diagnostic value of serum ENO1 and SOCS3 for disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

ZHANG Lina; HE Zhengxin; GUO Yiyang; AN Liyun; LI Fang; WANG Jingna

doi:10.13431/j.cnki.immunol.j.20250123

Abstract：Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum α-enolase(ENO1)and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3)for disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods A total of 177 RA patients admitted from February 2020 to May 2025 were selected as the observation group.Then,based on the 28-joint disease activity score C reactive protein(CRP)(DAS28-CRP),the patients were further divided into the moderate-to-high disease activity subgroup(moderate/high subgroup)and the low disease activity/remission subgroup(low/remission subgroup).Another 177 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of serum ENO1 and SOCS3 in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the relative risk(RR)analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of the expression levels of serum ENO1 and SOCS3 on the disease activity of RA patients.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of disease activity in RA patients.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the value of serum ENO1 and SOCS3 levels in diagnosing disease activity in RA patients,and a decision curve was employed to analyze the clinical utility of serum ENO1 and SOCS3 levels in diagnosing disease activity in RA patients.Results Compared with the control group,the serum ENO1 level in the observation group increased,while the serum SOCS3 level decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the low/remission subgroup,the medium/high subgroup had a longer disease duration,increased Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,CRP,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and serum ENO1 level,and decreased serum SOCS3 level(P<0.01).The risk of moderate/high disease activity in patients with high ENO1 levels was 96.9%,which was higher than that in patients with low levels,and the risk of moderate/high disease activity in patients with high SOCS3 levels was 131.7%,which was lower than that in patients with low levels(P<0.01).In the multivariate logistic regression analysis model that included disease duration,VAS score,CRP and ESR,serum ENO1 remained an independent risk factor for disease activity in RA patients,while serum SOCS3 was an independent protective factor(P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve for the combined diagnosis of disease activity in RA patients by serum ENO1 and SOCS3 levels was significantly higher than that by an indicator alone(P<0.01).When the risk threshold was set between 0.10 and 0.82,the net benefit rate of serum ENO1 and SOCS3 detected in combination for the diagnosis was always higher than that of ENO1 and SOCS3 alone for the diagnosis.Conclusion The expression of serum ENO1 in RA patients is upregulated,while the expression of SOCS3 is downregulated.Both are closely related to disease activity,and combined diagnosis can effectively improve the diagnostic value for disease activity.