Roof collapse mechanism and key control technology and equipment for mining-affected in coal mines

WANG Weijun; ZHAO Zhiqiang; JIA Housheng; ZHANG Pandong; MA Nianjie

doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2025.1268

Abstract：In response to the challenges posed by complex surrounding rock conditions,high mining intensity,and signi-ficant strata pressure in coal mine mining-induced roadways-which often result in dynamic pressure phenomena such as roof collapse and large deformations-the mechanism of roof collapse has been systematically investigated.The direct causes and the mechanical essence underlying roof failures in such environments are revealed.Scenario-based models of roadway roof disasters have been developed,encompassing fractured hazardous rock falls,loose rock mass collapses,weakly bonded composite roof failures,and butterfly leaf-type roof collapses in severely deformed roadways.These mod-els clarify two primary categories of roof collapse:inherent defect type and mining-induced type.Guided by these find-ings,a suite of key technologies and equipment-each with independent intellectual property rights-has been designed to control roof collapse throughout the entire service cycle of coal mine roadways.These include a grading and positioning investigation method for roof disaster hazards,intelligent perception technology for roadway surrounding rock conditions and an intelligent decision-making system for support design,and a comprehensive hydraulic temporary support system for excavation,equipped with clustered frame-mounted bolt drilling rigs.Additionally,a novel"three-machine"coordina-tion model has been developed for excavation working faces,integrating a boom-type roadheader,a comprehensive excav-ation shield support,and a frame-mounted rail-bound bolt drilling rig.Further advancements include irregular variable-aperture drilling for enhanced anchorage,large-deformation impact-resistant tough anchor cables,and foldable non-re-dundant advance supports.Their research and development background,core innovations,and successful applications are further detailed.Collectively,these innovations address key issues such as the mechanisms of roof collapse under com-plex geological conditions,the positioning and early warning of potential roof hazards,and the implementation of full-cycle roof safety support.The resulting system enables visual and intelligent analysis of roof collapse risks and differenti-ated support design for various roadway conditions.This work holds substantial significance and broad application pro-spects for eliminating roof collapse hazards at their source,enhancing coal mine disaster prevention and control capabilit-ies in China,and safeguarding national energy security.