Advances in preparation and application of coal-based functional nanomaterials

LI Shenyong; QIN Shenjun; MEN Changquan; HOU Jiajia; LYU Dawei; ZHENG Xue; PANG Wei; HAO Longlong; ZHAO Daoyuan; ZHANG Shaozhuo

doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.YG24.1566

Abstract：China's energy resource endowment,characterized by"abundant coal but scarce oil",establishes coal's funda-mental role in the national energy system.However,traditional coal utilization as a primary carbon emission source funda-mentally conflicts with the"dual-carbon"strategic goals.Achieving low-carbon transformation of high-carbon resources through clean and efficient coal utilization represents both a practical requirement for energy security and a strategic path-way for fostering new productive forces.Nanomaterials demonstrate unique advantages in electronics,new energy,bio-medicine,and environmental remediation due to their quantum effects and surface characteristics.The polycyclic aromat-ic hydrocarbon networks in coal's organic matter and inorganic components like aluminosilicates provide structural units for functional materials:The former can be transformed into zero-dimensional carbon quantum dots,two-dimensional graphene,and carbon nanotubes through directed carbon rearrangement,while the latter can be reconstructed into nano-porous systems such as zeolites and mesoporous materials.Notably,the"carbon-ash composites"containing unburned car-bon and inorganic ash present novel opportunities for functional material design.This paper systematically analyzes the structure-property regulation mechanisms of coal-based nanomaterials,revealing that the dimensionality of carbon nano-materials is primarily governed by coal metamorphic grade.It provides a comprehensive review of preparation technolo-gies for coal-derived nanomaterials and their applications in lithium battery anodes,electrocatalysis,and pollutant detec-tion.Furthermore,the study elucidates the phase evolution mechanisms of silicon-aluminum components in coal-based solid waste and their conversion into nanoporous materials,while exploring their potential in CO2 capture and heavy met-al adsorption.Current challenges include product inconsistency caused by feedstock heterogeneity and environmental risks from acid/alkali treatment processes.Future research should prioritize precise structural analysis at the molecular scale,synergistic conversion of multi-source solid wastes,and development of green preparation technologies.With the advance-ment of"raw material substitution"strategies and nanotechnology innovations,coal-based nanomaterials are poised to emerge as a value-added utilization pathway,offering scientific support for building a clean coal-based materials industry system.