Research progress on the mechanisms,prevention,and control of water and sand inrush from working face roofs

LI Xiaohuan; LI Hongjie; DU Mingze

doi:10.11799/ce202601018

Abstract：The mechanisms of water and sand inrush disasters in coal mine roofs are complex,and their prevention and control remain significant challenges.Addressing issues such as inconspicuous disaster precursors,large instantaneous inrush volumes,and difficulties in prediction,this study reviews recent research advances from four key perspectives:hydrogeological conditions,disaster mechanisms,prevention and control technologies,and monitoring and early warning systems.By analyzing typical engineering cases from shallow-buried thin bedrock mining faces,deep-buried weakly cemented rock layers,and faces adjacent to unconsolidated strata,the study clarifies the hydrogeological conditions and disaster characteristics of water and sand inrush,summarizes the essential conditions for its occurrence,and explains the underlying mechanisms in different sedimentary environments.It is emphasized that water and sand inrush results from the combined effects of sedimentary environment and mining-induced disturbance;the former provides the source and dynamic conditions for water and sand,while the latter determines the formation of flow channels and the triggering conditions.Corresponding to three typical inrush modes,prevention and control technologies are discussed,including aquifer modification,conventional dewatering and pressure reduction,surface direct drainage holes,and the"pre-installed diversion pipes+radial drainage"method.Furthermore,based on multi-physics monitoring data collected both underground and on the surface,an intelligent"perception-warning-decision"framework is proposed,forming a comprehensive technical system for dynamic monitoring,early warning,and prevention of roof water and sand inrush in working faces.Future research directions in this field are also outlined.