Research on speed control strategy for belt conveyors based on coal flow and motor power balance

LIU Xin; REN Baobao; WANG Longgang; LU Chenglin; ZHANG Xin

doi:10.11799/ce202512023

Abstract：To address issues such as energy waste,response lag,and operational instability caused by fixed speed settings in traditional speed control methods for belt conveyors,we proposed a dual-loop fuzzy PID speed control strategy based on the dynamic balance between coal flow and motor power.Based on the longitudinal dynamic model of the conveyor belt and the coal flow-motor coupling equations,the system equilibrium conditions and constraints were derived,and three typical operating modes—safe,efficient,and transitional—were defined,revealing the strong nonlinear relationship among belt speed,coal flow,and motor power.A hierarchical dual-loop fuzzy PID control architecture was constructed,comprising an outer-loop fuzzy controller and an inner-loop PID controller.The outer-loop fuzzy controller takes real-time coal flow and motor power as inputs and dynamically generates speed setpoints using Mamdani fuzzy rules,enabling adaptive energy efficiency optimization across the three operating modes.The inner-loop PID controller precisely tracks the speed setpoint via feedback,effectively suppressing dynamic fluctuations.Experimental results demonstrate that this strategy enhances system dynamic response,achieving a setpoint update delay of less than 5 ms under step changes in coal flow,an actual speed response time of only 1.2 s,a speed tracking root mean square error of 0.09 m/s,and an efficient operating mode proportion of 89％,significantly improving system energy efficiency and control accuracy.