Effects of Compost Replacing Chemical Fertilizers on Yield,Agronomic and Environmental Benefits of Winter Wheat

XU Xiaofeng; TIAN Yanjiao

doi:10.15926/j.cnki.issn1672-6871.2025.01.010

Abstract：To clarify the impact of the proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the yield and efficiency of winter wheat,the field experiments took no fertilization as the control(CK),and a total of four compost replacing chemical fertilizer treatments were set up,namely conventional nitrogen application with all chemical fertilizers(0%OM),substitution of 20%(mass fraction)chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic nitrogen(20%OM),substitution of 50%chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic nitrogen(50%OM),and substitution of 70%chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic nitrogen(70%OM).The population dynamics,dry matter output characteristics before flowering,yield and yield components of winter wheat in three years from 2021 to 2024 were monitored,and the nitrogen use efficiency,carbon emission reduction,and comprehensive environmental and agronomic benefits were calculated.The results show that the yields of no fertilization for three consecutive years and the application of full-dose chemical fertilizers both show a decreasing trend year by year.The yield of the 20%OM treatment is lower than that of the 0%OM treatment in the first year.However,compare with the 0%OM treatment in the following two years,the wheat yield under the 20%OM treatment increase by 34%～44%,the number of spikes increase by 7%～16%,and the number of grains per spike increase by 8%～39%,and the yield reach the highest.The yields of the 50%OM and 70%OM treatments are both higher than that of the 20%OM treatment in the first year,but the yields in the following two years are lower than that of the 20%OM treatment,though the difference is not significant.There is no significant difference in the number of seedlings before winter and at the jointing stage under different compost substitution rates,but the number of spikes in the treatments where compost replaced part of the chemical fertilizer is slightly higher than that in the chemical fertilizer treatment.Compare with 0%OM treatment,the carbon emissions can be reduce by 82.82 kg/hm2,165.64 kg/hm2 and 248.46 kg/hm2 under the substitution rates of 20%,50%and 70%.Considering the benefits brought by the highest yield of wheat grains,compare with 0%OM treatment,the comprehensive benefits under the substitution rates of 20%,50%and 70%are 4 157.02 yuan/hm2,3 644.24 yuan/hm2 and 3 651.32 yuan/hm2 respectively,while simply not applying chemical fertilizers will result in a loss of 1 022.40 yuan/hm2 due to yield loss.The choice of compost substitution rate for chemical fertilizers has a significant impact on the yield and benefits of winter wheat.The results of this study show that a 20%substitution rate has better comprehensive benefits.