Meta-analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with ischemic stroke in China

CAI Mian; YIN Jie; XU Yiyong; FANG Xiwei

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-9058.2025.06.001

Abstract：Objective To systematically review the prevalence and influencing factors of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with ischemic stroke in China.Methods Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,EBSCO,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM were searched to collect studies on the prevalence and factors affecting cognitive frailty in elderly patients with ischemic stroke in China.The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to March 10,2025.The Ameri-can Healthcare Quality and Research Organization(AHRQ)and Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS)were used to evaluate the quality of the included literature,and Stata 18.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results A total of 4 794 elderly patients with ischemic stroke in China and 1 284 patients with cognitive frailty were included in 15 medium to high-quality literature.Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with ischemic stroke in China was 26.6%(95%CI:0.240-0.292),and the influencing factors included age(OR=2.828,95%CI:2.110-3.792),sleep status(OR=2.219,95%CI:1.730-2.846),malnutrition(OR=2.724,95%CI:2.035-3.648),multimorbidity(OR=1.620,95%CI:1.253-2.049),blood pressure(OR=1.829,95%CI:1.272-2.631),depression(OR=2.861,95%CI:1.770-4.624),exercise(OR=0.239,95%CI:0.125-0.456),and self-care ability(OR=0.280,95%CI:0.097-0.805)with all P<0.05.Conclusions The prevalence of cognitive frailty is high in elderly patients with ischemic stroke in China,and insufficient attention is paid to the pre-frailty stage.Advanced age,sleep disorders,malnutrition,multimorbidity,poor blood pressure control and depression are the major risk factors for cognitive frailty,while regular ex-ercise and good self-care ability have protective effects.