Caffeine and cardiovascular aging:exploring sex-specific im-pacts on risk and arrhythmias
Alberto Farinetti
Antonio Manenti
Camilla Cocchi
Anna Vittoria Mattioli
Abstract：Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant known for its cardiovascular and metabolic effects. However, its impact on cardiovascular risk, including arrhythmias, in older adults remains underexplored. Emerging evidence highlights sex-specific differences in caffeine metabolism, which may influence its role in cardiovascular health. This perspective examines the interaction between caffeine, hormonal changes, metabolic processes, and lifestyle factors, focusing on older women compared to men. Understanding these differences is essential for tailoring dietary and clinical recommendations to mitigate cardiovascular risks and promote healthy aging.
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Publication Date：2025-08-30
Online Publishing Date：2025-09-22(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：10( 736-745 )