Combined detection of HbA1c,IL-1 β and SOD enhances diagnostic efficacy for diabetic cardiomyopathy

CHENG Fei; LI Zhong-rong; ZHONG Yao-tang; YAO Bo-qian; WANG Xiao-li; LIANG Su-zhen

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8933.2025.2.lnxxgbzz-e202502007

Abstract：Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a severe cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by insidious onset, diagnostic challenges in early stages, and poor prognosis. Current diagnosis of DCM primarily relies on imaging techniques, lacking convenient and effective early biomarkers. Method Using a case-control study design, we enrolled 50 DCM patients (DCM group) and 50 diabetes-only patients (control group) diagnosed at our hospital between January 2023 and January 2025. Demographic data were collected from all participants. Serum levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured and compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify DCM risk factors, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the diagnostic value of individual and combined biomarkers for DCM screening. Results The levels of HbA1c and IL-1β in the DCM group were higher than those in the control group, and the level of SOD was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c, IL-1β, and SOD were all independent risk factors for DCM. The results of the ROC curve showed that the areas under curve (AUC) of HbA1c, IL-1β, and SOD levels in diagnosing DCM patients were 0.673, 0.783, and 0.728, respectively. The AUC predicted by the combination of the three was 0.836, which was higher than that detected by any above single index (P < 0.05). Conclusions DCM patients exhibited significantly higher HbA1c and IL-1β levels but lower SOD activity compared to the controls. Each biomarker demonstrated significant diagnostic value for DCM, and their combination yielded superior diagnostic performance compared to any single marker. [S Chin J Cardiol 2025;26(2):114-120]