The role of B cells in local immune defense against five traditional sexually transmitted dis-eases:Mechanisms and translational perspectives
XIE Xiaoyuan
XIE Xiaoyan
LI Huanlin
WANG Weiliang
Abstract：As the core effectors of humoral immunity,B cells play a complex and dynamic bi-directional regulatory role in local immune defense against the five traditional sexually transmitted diseases,including syphilis,gonorrhea,chancre,sexually transmitted lymphogranuloma,and in-guinal granuloma.This article systematically reviews the response mechanisms of B cells within the infectious microenvironment and their clinical translational value.In syphilis,B cells participate in neural tissue damage and host defense through ectopic germinal center formation and specific antibody production.In gonorrhea,the dysfunction of B cells is due to pathogen-induced apoptosis and immunosuppression.The Haemophilus ducreyi in chancroid directly inhibits B cell prolifera-tion through cytolethal distending toxin.In Lymphogranuloma Venereum,the B cells limit the spread of Chlamydia trachomatis through a dual mechanism of antibody neutralization and antigen presentation.In Granuloma Inguinale,B cells clear intracellular pathogens through antibody-mac-rophage synergy.These mechanisms provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel diag-nostic biomarkers(such as CXCL13 and B cells),vaccine design(e.g.,multi epitope vaccines and mucosal delivery systems),and targeted therapies(e.g.,immunomodulators and toxin inhib-itors).In the future,it is necessary to combine single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics technology to analyze the heterogeneity of B cell subpopulations and their dynamic interactions with the local microenvironment,in order to promote the precise development of immune prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.
Keywords：B cellssexually transmitted diseaseslocal immune defensevaccine design
Publication Date：2026-01-28
Online Publishing Date：2026-03-11(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：8( 58-65 )