Prognostic value and immune infiltration analysis of RCSD domain-containing protein 1 in non-small cell lung cancer
MENG Deming
JIA Jiang
ZHANG Qian
YANG Wenjing
SUN Jingyi
Abstract：Objective To investigate the expression,prognostic value,and relationship with immune infiltration of RCSD domain-containing protein 1(RCSD1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The expression difference of RCSD1 between NSCLC and normal tissues was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER)and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases,followed by experimental validation with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR on 93 paired tumor and adjacent normal samples.Furthermore,the correlation between RCSD1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was assessed.The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were employed to evaluate its prognostic value.Finally,the relationship between RCSD1 expression,its copy number variation,and the level of tumor immune cell infiltration was investigated using the TIMER database.Results Database analysis revealed that RCSD1 expression was significantly lower in both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared to normal tissues(P<0.05),and its expression level decreased progressively with advancing TNM stage(P=0.041).Experimental results confirmed that RCSD1 expression was lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues(0.413±0.238 vs.1.172±0.277,P<0.001).Low RCSD1 expression was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage(Stage III:31.2%vs.13.3%,P=0.039),higher T stage(T3+T4:29.2%vs.11.1%,P=0.031),lymph node metastasis(N1+N2:60.4%vs.26.7%,P=0.001),tumor size>3 cm(62.5%vs.28.9%,P=0.001),and vascular invasion(41.7%vs.17.8%,P=0.012).The median disease-free survival(DFS)in the high RCSD1 expression group was 38.2(95%CI:32.5-43.9)months,significantly longer than the 25.6(95%CI:20.3-30.9)months in the low expression group(P=0.001).Multivariate analysis confirmed that low RCSD1 expression was an independent risk factor for DFS(HR=2.349,95%CI:1.249-4.432,P=0.008).RCSD1 expression showed a significant negative correlation with tumor purity(adenocarcinoma:r=-0.514,P=1.17e-34;squamous cell carcinoma:r=-0.482,P=3.07e-29)but was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of six types of immune cells including B cells,CD8+T cells,CD4+T cells,macrophages,neutrophils,and dendritic cells(adenocarcinoma:r=0.575-0.673,P<0.001;squamous cell carcinoma:r=0.512-0.799,P<0.001).Furthermore,RCSD1 copy number variation was notably associated with immune cell infiltration patterns,with dendritic cell infiltration being most prominent in the genomic amplification state.Conclusion Low RCSD1 expression is a significant prognostic factor in NSCLC,which is closely associated with tumor progression and immune cell infiltration,suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target.
Keywords：non-small cell lung cancerRCSD domain-containing protein 1clinical significanceimmune cell infiltrationprognosis
Publication Date：2025-11-28
Online Publishing Date：2026-01-05(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 1108-1113 )