Prognostic value of combined detection of serum GDF-15,MMP-9,and SOCS3 in non-small cell lung cancer patients
XIAO Fangjie
ZHAO Jingguo
TENG Yanling
WANG Kun
Abstract：Objective To investigate the prognostic value of combined detection of serum growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods From April 2020 to April 2022,108 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical treatment were selected in Jiaozhou Central Hospital.Serum levels of GDF-15,MMP-9,and SOCS3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival curves were plotted.A Cox regression model was employed to analyze factors influencing recurrence,and the predictive efficacy of the aforementioned indicators for NSCLC recurrence was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The serum levels of GDF-15,MMP-9,and SOCS3 in 108 NSCLC patients[(4.75±0.69)ng/mL,(7.03±1.27)ng/mL,(8.79±2.19)ng/mL]were significantly higher than those in 100 healthy controls[(3.11±0.44)ng/mL,(4.72±0.84)ng/mL,(6.58±1.12)ng/mL;t=20.257,15.344,9.053,P<0.001].Levels of GDF-15,MMP-9,and SOCS3 in 23 recurrent patients[(5.72±0.71)ng/mL,(9.03±1.45)ng/mL,(10.95±2.11)ng/mL]were significantly higher than those in 85 non-recurrent patients[(4.49±0.63 ng/mL,(6.49±1.38)ng/mL,(8.21±1.16)ng/mL;t=8.083,7.748,8.263,P<0.001].ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for predicting recurrence by these three markers individually and in combination were 0.895,0.811,0.881,and 0.966,respectively.The predictive efficacy of the combination was significantly superior to any single indicator(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the high-expression groups had significantly shorter disease-free survival(Log-rank χ2=13.249,11.745,18.406,P<0.001).High expression of all three markers was significantly associated with tumor diameter>3 cm,TNM stage Ⅲ,poor differentiation,and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that high levels of GDF-15(HR=3.472,95%CI:1.311-9.197),MMP-9(HR=3.207,95%CI:1.577-6.520)and SOCS3(HR=3.052,95%CI:1.627-5.726)were independent risk factors for recurrence in NSCLC patients(P<0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum levels of GDF-15,MMP-9,and SOCS3 are independent risk factors for recurrence in NSCLC patients,and their combination enhances the predictive accuracy for recurrence,demonstrating potential value as a novel biomarker panel for clinical prognostic assessment.
Keywords：Non-small cell lung cancerGrowth differentiation factor-15Matrix metalloproteinase-9Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3Prognosis
Publication Date：2025-07-28
Online Publishing Date：2025-10-17(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 685-690 )