The Distribution Characteristics of Different Renal Pathological Types in Clinical Kidney Diseases

ZHAO Hainan; WU Yu; WANG Ermin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-305X.2025.03.009

Abstract：Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of pathological types among renal biopsy patients in our hospital from 2013 to 2021 and analyze the common features of glomerular nephropathy across different age groups,aiming to provide substantial evidence for early detection,diagnosis,and treatment of renal diseases.Methods A total of 996 clinical patients who underwent renal biopsy in our hospital from December 2013 to August 2021 were collected.Combined with the results of pathological data,a retrospective study and analysis were conducted on the etiology,incidence rate of kidney diseases,and the differences of various pathological types at different ages and different periods.Results A total of 996 cases of renal biopsy were included in this study,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.38:1.Among all the reported renal biopsy results,the proportions of various pathological types are as follows:primary glomerular kidney disease(86.65％),secondary glomerular kidney disease(12.85％),and other diseases causing tubulointerstitial injury(0.50％).Among the primary causes of glomerular nephropathy,the pathological types with the highest incidence rates are membranous nephropathy(62.53％)and immunoglobulin a nephropathy(IgA)(18.45％),while the main pathological types of membranous nephropathy are distributed in stages Ⅰ to Ⅳ,with the proportion increasing year by year.The proportion rose from 32.3％from December 2013 to December 2017 to 35.26％from January 2018 to August 2021,showing a significant upward trend.Among secondary glomerulonephritis,diabetic nephropathy(30.70％)is the most common.Secondly,there were lupus nephritis(23.62％),Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(16.54％),renal amyloidosis(8.66％),hepatitis B virus-related nephritis(6.30％),obesity-related nephropathy(3.15％),pregnancy-related nephropathy(0.79％),etc.Conclusion The main cause of glomerular nephropathy remains primary glomerular disease.Membranous nephropathy is the main pathological type of primary glomerular disease,with an increasing incidence rate year by year and a wide age range.Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of secondary glomerular disease,and lupus nephritis ranks second among secondary factors.The research results of this center show that the main cause of glomerular nephropathy remains primary glomerular disease.Membranous nephropathy is the main pathological type of primary glomerular disease,with an increasing incidence rate year by year and a wide age range.Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of secondary glomerular disease,and lupus nephritis ranks second among secondary factors.