Risk analysis and countermeasure research of ultra-deep shaft construction

FAN Wenbo; ZHANG Tongzhao; NIU Pengxiang; SHENG Shuai; LIU Shujie

doi:10.19458/j.cnki.cn11-2456/td.2025.02.011

Abstract：Ultra-deep shaft projects face geological formations and physical field environments that are quite different from those in the shallow part.Construction in this kind of environment,there are risks of rock burst,sudden water,thermal damage,sheet gang,large deformation and corrosion.Ai-ming at the difficulties existing in the construction of ultra-deep shafts,this paper analyzed the rele-vant risk characteristics and countermeasures.The results of the study showed that:(1)for rock ex-plosion,sudden water,slice gang,large deformation and other risks should be the first disaster pre-diction and early warning,in which micro-seismic monitoring and over-excursion geological exploration was a common early warning means of rock burst and sudden water.(2)The rock burst was usually controlled by the overpressure relief technology.In terms of water inrush risks,the cur-tain grouting method was mainly adopted.As for the heat hazard problem,it was generally solved by using the cooling and temperature reduction technology.For the risks of rib spalling and large deform-ation,measures such as optimizing the construction process and improving the support structure were taken to deal with them.When it comes to the problem of chemical corrosion,initiatives like researc-hing and developing anti-corrosion materials were employed to handle it.(3)Currently,the early warning of risks such as rock bursts,water inrushes,rib spalling and deformations could not rely on a single technology.It was necessary to combine multiple methods for forecasting.Meanwhile,it was also required to strengthen personnel training during the construction process to improve the ability to identify risks and respond to them.The research results are of great significance for the construction of ultra-deep shafts.