Three-layer optimization of energy storage configuration and scheduling in data centers considering demand response
YANG Shiyao
LI Yong
YANG Honghai
Abstract：A three-layer optimization model for configuration and scheduling of battery energy storage systems(BESS)that comprehensively considers both price-based and incentive-based demand response is proposed.The first two layers of the model take the optimization objective of maximizing the annual operating profit and minimizing the power operation and maintenance cost throughout the entire life cycle after BESS price-based demand response,and solve for the best BESS configuration scheme.The third layer aims to maximize the total profit of demand response on the basis of considering the participation of BESS in incentive-type demand response,studies the optimal BESS scheduling method under different incentive-type demand response times and response periods.The Gurobi solver and the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm are adopted for the solution.Taking a domestic data center as the research object,the effectiveness of the three-layer optimization model is verified.The results show that when BESS conducts incentivation-based demand response,the average load reduction in different incentive response periods exceeds 40%of the baseline load,and the maximum reduction can reach 76.78%.As the number of incentive-based demand responses per year increases from 1 to 10,the data center can earn an additional incentive-based demand response profit of 34 300 yuan to 319 500 yuan annually,save operation and maintenance costs of 1.405 5 million yuan to 1.643 3 million yuan,and the payback period of the project investment can be reduced to 7.23 a.
Keywords：configuration and dispatching of energy storage systemsincentive-based demand responsetriple-layer optimizationdata centervirtual power plant
Publication Date：2025-07-25
Online Publishing Date：2025-09-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：7( 36-42 )