Analysis of Overweight, Obesity, and Related Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases in the 2024 Health Examination Population

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3245.2025.03.037

Abstract：Objective: To investigate the status of overweight and obesity among health examination participants and their risk of chronic diseases. Methods: Data from 8,691 individuals who underwent health examinations at the health examination center in 2024 were collected, including general information, laboratory indicators, B-ultrasound results, and lifestyle questionnaires. Participants were divided into a normal BMI group (18.5–<24 kg/m²) and an overweight/obese group (≥24 kg/m²) based on BMI, age, and gender. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between overweight/obesity and lifestyle factors. Cross-tabulation and Pearson's chi-square test were employed to examine the characteristics of chronic diseases in the overweight/obese population. Results: The average BMI of the 2024 health examination population was 24.67 kg/m², with a high prevalence of overweight (45.58%, 3,916 cases) and obesity (14.03%, 1,219 cases). Overweight and obese individuals showed significantly higher rates of alcohol consumption and smoking compared to those with normal BMI (OR=2.279, 1.724, P<0.001), and family genetics and environmental exposure had a greater impact (OR=0.371, 0.549, P<0.001). In contrast, psychosocial factors, sleep, and physical activity had less influence (P>0.05). Biochemical indicator analysis revealed significant differences between the overweight/obese group and the normal BMI group in the prevalence of diabetes (x²=14.829, P<0.05), prediabetes (x²=34.656, P<0.05), hypertension (x²=169.587, P<0.05), hyperuricemia (x²=626.891, P<0.05), fatty liver (x²=1092.175, P<0.05), lipid metabolism disorders (x²=341.116, P<0.05), and carotid artery plaques (>50 years old) (x²=4.167, P<0.05). Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are associated with unhealthy lifestyles and increase the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.