Dose-Response Relationship Between Smoking Behavior and Allergic Rhinitis in Adults Based on Restricted Cubic Spline Model
CHEN Peng
WEI Xiao
YU Shengli
Abstract：Objective To explore the dose-response relationship between smoking behavior and allergic rhinitis(AR)in adults based on the restricted cubic spline(RCS)model,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of AR.Methods A total of 235 AR patients admitted to Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital from March 2023 to January 2025 were selected as the AR group,and 235 healthy adults with age and gender matching in the same community were collected as the control group by case-control study.The general data and smoking behavior of the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors of AR were analyzed.The RCS model was used to fit the dose-response relationship between smoking behavior and AR risk,and the evaluation value of basic model and smoking behavior model on AR risk was analyzed.Results The proportion of patients in the AR group with a history of sinusitis,a family history of AR,and engaging in physical exercise less than 3 times per week was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The age at which the AR smoking group started smoking was younger than that of the control group,and their smoking index was higher than that of the control smoking group(P＜0.05).After adjusting for confounding factors such as history of sinusitis,family history of AR,and frequency of weekly physical exercise,both age at smoking initiation and smoking index were found to be independent influencing factors of AR(P＜0.05).There was significant overall association and nonlinear relationship between the age of starting smoking,smoking index,and the risk of AR.The area under the curve(AUC)for assessing AR risk using the baseline model and the model incorporating smoking behavior were 0.806(95％CI:0.768-0.841)and 0.889(95％CI:0.851-0.921),respectively.The AUC of the model incorporating smoking behavior was higher than that of the baseline model(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is a significant dose-response relationship between the age of starting smoking,smoking index and AR risk in adults.The inclusion of smoking behavior in the risk assessment model is conducive to improving the identification efficiency of AR risk,which is conducive to early clinical screening of high-risk groups.
Keywords：allergic rhinitisadultssmoking indexdose-response relationshiprestricted cubic spline
Publication Date：2026-04-28
Online Publishing Date：2026-09-12(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 1416-1421 )