Correlation Between Anti-sperm Antibody Level and Sperm Morphological Parameters in Patients with Oligospermia

WANG Nan; ZHAI Junying; NIU Hongli

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-437X.2026.06.014

Abstract：Objective To investigate the correlation between anti-sperm antibody level and sperm morphological parameters in patients with oligospermia,in order to provide a basis for comprehensive assessment and treatment of oligospermia.Methods The clinical data of 110 patients with oligospermia attending Nanyang First People's Hospital from July 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The mixed antiglobulin agglatination method was used to detect sperm antibodies bound to the sperm surface,and patients were classified into positive group(weakly positive+positive)and negative group according to test findings.The general data and sperm morphological parameters were compared between groups.Pearson's correlation was used to assess the correlation between anti-sperm antibodies and sperm morphological parameters.Results Forty-three out of 110 patients were positive for anti-sperm antibodies,with a positive rate of 39.09％.No statistical difference was found between two groups in general information such as age,body mass index,duration of abstinence and years of infertility(P＞0.05).Positive group reported a lower normal sperm rate,higher rate of head,body and tail abnormality of sperms,and larger teratozoospermic index(TZI)and sperm deformity index(SDI)compared to negative group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation denoted that the level of anti-sperm antibodies was negatively correlated with normal sperm rate(r=-0.457,P＜0.001),and positively correlated with the rate of head,body and tail abnormality of sperms,TZI,and SDI(r=0.495,0.569,0.603,0.571,and 0.580,P＜0.001).Conclusion Positive rate of anti-sperm antibodies is elevated in patients with oligospermia,and has a correlation with sperm morphological parameters,and anti-sperm antibodies can lead to reduced fertility in patients by affecting sperm morphology and viability.