Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Peripheral Blood of Patients of Lung Cancer and Their Effects on T Lymphocyte Function

LIU Guiju; YUAN Wei; LÜ Dinglin; ZHAO Jizhi; MEI Jiazhuan

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-437X.2025.23.015

Abstract：Objective To investigate the expression of programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)and programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1)in peripheral blood of lung cancer and their effects on T lymphocyte function,in order to provide reference for early clinical intervention.Methods A total of 90 patients with lung cancer treated in Zhengzhou People's Hospital from November 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively selected as the research group,and 90 healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group.The expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 in peripheral blood were compared,as well as the different pathological features.The correlation between the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the pathological characteristics of lung cancer and the activation of T lymphocytes was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the peripheral blood of the study group were higher(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in different TNM stages,pathological types,tumor diameters,the positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in peripheral blood of patients with lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).Compared with resting T lymphocytes,the positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in activated T lymphocytes were higher(P＜0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that PD-1 positivity and PD-L1 positivity were positively correlated with TNM stage,pathological classification,tumor diameter,lymph node metastasis and T lymphocyte activation of lung cancer(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 is closely related to the growth,proliferation,metastasis and other aspects of lung cancer cells.Its expression can reflect the function of T lymphocytes.