Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of Extracranial Metastatic Malignant Germ Cell Tumors in Children
ZHAO Hua
ZHANG Yuan
WU Shuang
MIN Yanping
LIU Yufeng
XU Xueju
Abstract：Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of children with extracranial metastatic malignant germ cell tumors(MGCTs)and analyze the factors influencing their prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children diagnosed and treated for extracranial metastatic MGCTs at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2010 to December 2019.The 5-year overall survival(OS)rate and event-free survival(EFS)rate were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors.Results A total of 51 children were included in the study.The 5-year OS rate and EFS rate were 82.35％and 64.28％,respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that age ≥11 years(P=0.035),initial serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)≥2 302 μg·L-1(P=0.037),and presence of bone metastasis(P=0.002)were adverse prognostic factors for the children.Inclusion in the Cox regression analysis identified bone metastasis(HR:5.611,95％CI:1.283-24.525,P=0.022)as an independent prognostic risk factor.Conclusion Children with extracranial metastatic MGCTs aged 11 years or older and with elevated initial AFP levels have poorer prognoses.The presence of bone metastasis at diagnosis is an independent prognostic risk factor.For recurrent MGCTs,salvage chemotherapy regimens can improve the survival rates of affected children.
Keywords：germ cell tumorschildrenbone metastasesprognosis
Publication Date：2025-11-13
Online Publishing Date：2026-09-12(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 3867-3872 )