Characteristics of Northeast Cold Vortex Change in Winter and Its Impact on the Climate of Songhua River Basin

Wang Ying; Li Yongsheng; Ban Jin; Zhao Jiaying; Ma Shuyang; Song Chengyu; Wang Hao

doi:10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2026.02.006

Abstract：Using the daily meteorological data of 97 stations in the Songhua River Basin during the winter of 1961-2021 and the NECP reanalysis data,we analyze the climatic characteristics and circula-tion background of northeast cold vortex and its impact on the climate of the Songhua River Basin in win-ter and each month by means of linear regression,moving average,correlation analysis and composite analysis.The results indicate that during the 61 years,the northeast cold vortex process accounts for 32.3%of the total number of days in winter.The longer the duration of the cold vortex process,the lower the frequency of its occurrence.The most active days of the northeast cold vortex are in January,and there is no significant change in the frequency of the northeast cold vortex in winter and each month,only a significant decrease in February.During the northeast cold vortex period,the average precipitation in the Songhua River Basin is higher than that in normal years and that without cold vortex process,and the average temperature is lower than in other time periods.More than 30%of regional cold waves,blizzards,and heavy snows occur during the northeast cold vortex period.Overall,there is a significant increase in the number of days of regional heavy snow and heavy snow during the winter and February cold vortex periods,while the trend of changes in the number and proportion of days of regional heavy snow and heavy snow in other months is not significant.In the active year of the northeast cold vortex in winter,the Eurasia has an east-west"-+-"anomalous distribution at 500 hPa.The Arctic Oscillation may affect the activity of the northeast cold vortex during the same period,and its negative phase is conducive to the generation of northeast cold vortex.