Comparative Analysis of Simulation on Peanut Developmental Stages Using Different Models in Henan Province

Xiong Kun; Ma Meijuan; Xu Yuhua; Zhang Ning

doi:10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2026.01.007

Abstract：In order to study the simulation effectiveness of various models on peanut growth and de-velopment,and identify the best simulation method,the five models of crop development stages,piece-wise linear model(LM),Wang-Engel model(WE),effective accumulated temperature model(EM),active accumulated temperature model(AM),and clock model(CM)were chosen,based on 26-year peanut development stage data on four agrometeorological observation stations in Zhengyang,Zhumadian,Fangcheng,and Yellow River Floodplain.The simulation performance of four main stages of peanut de-velopment,emergence,blooming,needling,and maturity fitted by the five models were compared with 18-year observation data which were randomly selected,using the metrics of root mean square error(RMSE),normalized root mean square error(NRMSE),and mean absolute error(MAE),and the performance was evaluated using the data from the remaining eight years.The results were as follows.(1)The accumulated temperature indexes of different models varied significantly,and the accumulated temperature of the whole period showed the AM>WE>EM>LM pattern.(2)The WE model fitted the de-velopmental stages relatively well.The mean values of RMSE,NRMSE,and MAE were 5.25 d,2.41%,and 3.87 d,respectively,at four stages of development,all lower than other four models.The fitting of the same model on different development stage was better for emergence stage than for blosso-ming stage,and better for blossoming stage than for needling stage and maturity stage.(3)The results of model validation were similar to the fitting results,also showing that the WE model had the lowest average RMSE(4.91 d),NRMSE(2.32%),and MAE(3.97 d).The verification of various development sta-ges revealed that the effect was better in the emergence stage,followed by blossoming stages,while rela-tively worse in the needling and maturity stages.In conclusion,the WE model is suitable for simulating the growth and development process of peanuts in Henan Province.