Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Yield and Quality in Germplasm Resources of Ganoderma lucidum

Yan Shufeng; Zhao Xia; Liu Haifang; Zhang Lujie; Wang Huifeng; Yang Yulong; Liu Dian; Shi Xinlong; Liang Huizhen; Feng Chaoxu; Qi Hongzhi; Han Chunye; Yang Junpeng

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.07.007

Abstract：To systematically evaluate the genetic diversity,agronomic traits,and quality characteristics of five Ganoderma lucidum strains(strain 2,3,4,5,and 6),and to investigate the effects of log-based and substrate-based cultivation on the growth and active component accumulation of Ganoderma lucidum,this study conducted genetic diversity analysis based on ITS1/ITS4 primer amplification and the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm,determined the agronomic traits and contents of triterpenoids,sterols,and polysaccharides of fruiting bodies,and compared the differences between log-based and substrate-based cultivation.The results showed that the genetic identity among different Ganoderma lucidum strains ranged from 92.92%to 98.89%.Among them,strain 4 exhibited significant genetic divergence from other strains(92.92%—93.69%),and phylogenetic analysis indicated that it was located on an independent branch.Quality analysis revealed that the contents of triterpenoids and sterols(0.72%—1.07%)and polysaccharides(1.40%—1.47%)in all strains significantly exceeded the standards stipulated in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020 edition)(0.5%and 0.9%,respectively).Notably,strain 6 exhibited the highest content of triterpenoids and sterols,while strains 2,5,and 6 showed the most prominent polysaccharide content.In terms of agronomic traits,strain 4 had advantages in pileus size,whereas strain 6 was relatively smaller;there was no significant difference in dry weight per fruiting body among strains(15.61-17.56 g).Regarding different cultivation modes,the dry weight per fruiting body of log-cultivated strain 3(103.33 g)was significantly higher than that of substrate-based cultivation(15.61 g),and log-cultivated strain 3 produced fruiting bodies with significantly superior morphology and higher total active component content per fruiting body compared to substrate-based cultivation,although the latter resulted in a higher content of active components.In summary,strain 4 exhibited significant genetic divergence and formed an independent branch;strain 6 had the highest content of triterpenoids and sterols,while strains 2,5,and 6 had the highest polysaccharide content;log-based cultivation increased the total yield of active components per fruiting body,whereas substrate-based cultivation contributed to higher contents of active components.