Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Different Functional Organic Fertilizers on Soil Nitrogen Transformation,Water and Nitrogen Use,and Yield of Maize

ZHANG Yunhong; YANG Yonghui; HAN Weifeng; HUA Yingpeng; GAO Cuimin; PAN Xiaoying; HE Fang; ZHANG Huan; DING Jinli; XU Qihao; LIU Wen

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.05.001

Abstract：Field experiments were conducted,and five treatments were set up,including no nitrogen application(T1),conventional nitrogen application rate(T2),20％nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid organic fertilizer(T3),20％nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with seaweed organic fertilizer(T4),and 20％nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with amino acid organic fertilizer(T5).The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with different functional organic fertilizers on soil nitrogen components,abundance of functional genes related with soil nitrogen cycling,water and nitrogen use,and yield of maize(Zea mays L.)were studied,so as to provide the basis for formulating technical plan of reducing fertilizer and improving efficiency in the maize-growing region of the North China Plain.The results showed that compared with the T2 treatment,nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with different functional organic fertilizers decreased the content and proportion of mineral nitrogen at tasseling stage,but increased the proportion of organic nitrogen;increased the content and proportion of mineral nitrogen at mature stage,and the content and proportion of fixing nitrogen of T4 treatment increased.T3 and T4 treatments increased the copy number of functional genes related with soil nitrification and denitrification,and T5 treatment increased the copy number of functional genes(nirK and mosZ)related with soil denitrification.The total nitrogen accumulation of T4 treatment significantly decreased by 20.5％at mature stage.The nitrogen harvest indexes of T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased by 48.5％and 25.6％.T3 treatment promoted soil moisture migration from deep layers to surface,and improved the instantaneous water use efficiency of leaves at tasseling stage;the soil moisture of T4 and T5 treatments decreased at tasseling stage,increased in shallow soil and decreased in deep soil at mature stage.Instantaneous water use efficiency of leaves and water use efficiency of grains of T4 treatment significantly increased,and water use efficiency of grains of T5 treatment significantly increased.The yield of T4 treatment significantly increased,which mainly attributed to the increase of ears number and grains number per row,but T3 treatment significantly decreased,and T5 treatment had no significant change.In summy,under the conditions of this experiment,compared with the T2 treatment,T4 and T5 treatments can significantly increase the nitrogen harvest index and water use efficiency of grains of maize,T3 and T4 treatments can significantly enhance the instantaneous water use efficiency of leaves at tasseling stage,especially T4 treatment,and T4 treatment can also significantly increase the yield,achieving reduction of cost and improvement of efficiency.