Analysis of Cecal Microbiota Diversity of High-quality Xinghua Chicken and Gudian Chicken

LIANG Shuqi; JIA Shaoyan; LI Ying; XU Wenjie; WU Baozhou; JIA Xinzheng

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.015

Abstract：To explore the characteristics of cecal flora in low-fat(Xinghua chicken)and high-fat(Gudian chicken)breeds during the fattening and slaughtering stage,10 healthy Xinghua chickens and 10 Gudian chickens at 126 days of age under the same feeding conditions were selected for slaughter determination and comparative analysis.At the same time,five chickens were randomly selected from them for testing,and their cecal contents were collected for analysis of the microbial community structure through 16S rRNA V3—V4 region sequencing.The results showed that both live weight and slaughter weight of Xinghua chickens were significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens,while abdominal fat weight,slaughtering rate,and abdominal fat rate were extremely significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens.α diversity analysis revealed that the richness of gut microbiota in Gudian chickens was higher than in Xinghua chickens,but the difference was not significant,and the diversity of intestinal flora in Gudian chicken was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chicken at the family level.β diversity analysis showed that there were extremely significant differences in the diversity of microbial communities between the two varieties at the genus and family levels.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was extemely significantly higher in Gudian chickens than in Xinghua chickens,the relative abundance of Deferribacterota was significantly higher than in Xinghua chickens,and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota was extremely significantly lower than in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the family level,the abundance of Acidaminococcaceae and Succinivibrionaceae in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens,while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the genus level,the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Anaerobiospirillum in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens,while the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.Through LEfSe differential analysis(LDA>3,P<0.05),8 specific marker bacteria of high-fat Gudian chicken and 5 specific marker bacteria of low-fat Xinghua chicken were identified respectively.Among them,the LDA scores of Phascolarctobacterium and Faecalibacterium with high abundance were higher,which may be significantly related to the phenotype of more abdominal fat deposition in high-fat Gudian chickens and less abdominal fat deposition in low-fat Xinghua chickens.In summary,microbiome analysis revealed significant differences in the cecal microbiota structure between Xinghua chickens and Gudian chickens,confirming the potential association between characteristic microbiota such as Proteobacteria,Succinivibrionaceae,and Phascolarctobacterium and fat deposition in broiler chickens.This provides a theoretical basis for microbiota improving broiler chicken production performance microbial.