Study of the Relationship Between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Adult Males

LIU Wenli; ZHANG Yuxian; YU Lixia; HOU Lixue; YAO Zhanxin; WANG Feng; LIAO Peng

doi:10.13730/j.issn.2097-2148.2025.06.010

Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between body composition and bone mineral density in healthy adult males,and provide the theoretical basis for formulating scientific and rational intervention strategies for bone health management.Methods A total of 1 325 adult males who underwent health examinations at a hospital in Qiqihar city from May to October 2023 were selected,the participants were divided into normal body mass group(n=608)and overweight/obesity group(n=717)according to the Chinese body mass index(BMI)classification criteria for adults.Body composi-tions of the participants were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while bone mineral density levels were assessed via quantitative ultrasound(QUS).Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis were employed to investigate as-sociation between body composition and bone density.Results In the basic data of participants in two groups,age,body weight,BMI and percentage of alcohol consumed in overweight/obese group were higher than those in normal body mass group,and regular exercise frequency was lower than that in normal body mass group(all P＜0.05).Body composition analysis showed that total body water,protein content,mineral content,body fat content,fat-free mass,skeletal muscle mass(SMM),body fat percentage,waist hip rate,skeletal muscle index(SMI)and body fat content of each part(right upper limb,left upper limb,trunk,right lower limb and left lower limb)in overweight/obese group were significantly higher than those in normal body mass group(all P＜0.001).In terms of bone mineral density status,broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA)value in over-weight/obese group was significantly higher than that in normal body mass group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that body fat content,body fat percentage,waist hip rate and body fat content of each part were weakly negatively correlated with quantitative ultrasound index(QUI)in normal body mass group(all P＜0.01).SMI was weakly positively correlated with QUI(P＜0.01);in the overweight/obese group,except BMI,QUI were not correlated(P＞0.05),total body water,protein content,mineral content,body fat content,fat-free mass,SMM,body fat percentage,waist hip rate,SMI and body fat content of each part were weakly correlated with QUI(all P＜0.01).Conclusion The regulation of bone mineral density by body composition exhibits body mass status-dependent differences.In healthy male adults,bone mineral density decreases with increasing body fat mass and increases with elevated muscle mass.