Combined Application of Arsenic Trioxide,Mercury Chloride,and Bufotenin:Theoretical Foundations in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Advances in Modern Pharmaceutical Research
Ju Jiaming
Li Yang
Jiang Yanan
Abstract：Arsenic trioxide,mercury chloride,and toad venom are traditional Chinese medicines with a long history of application.Possessing potent toxicity,there are historical records of their combined use in folk anti-tumor treatments.It analyzes the foundational principles of their combined application in traditional Chinese medicine and reviews modern pharmacological research on these three substances,particularly the application of arsenic trioxide in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia and its toxic side effects.Additionally,the potential value of light powder and toad venom in the field of antitumor therapy was explored.To address drug toxicity,it was proposed that enhancing drug purity and targeting,strictly controlling dosage and indications,strengthening patient monitoring and follow-up,and exploring new combination therapy regimens could improve drug safety and broaden their clinical application scope.In the future,it can integrate the holistic principles of traditional Chinese medicine with the precision medicine concepts of Western medicine to further explore new models and approaches for the combined use of these three drugs in integrated Chinese and Western medical treatments,thereby enhancing their safety and efficacy in clinical applications.This paper systematically analyzes the theoretical foundations of traditional Chinese medicine for the combined use of arsenic trioxide,mercury chloride,and toad venom,and reviews advances in modern pharmaceutical research,aiming to provide reference for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine research.
Keywords：ArsenicCalomelToad venomTraditional Chinese medicineModern pharmaceutical application
Publication Date：2026-01-25
Online Publishing Date：2026-03-23(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：3( 244-246 )