Expression levels of AXIN1,ARID1A and AKT2 in thyroid cancer tissue and their correlations with clinical pathological features and prognosis

ZHAO Fangteng; SUN Qi; QIAN Yong

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2026.01.004

Abstract：Objective To detect the expression levels of axis inhibition protein 1(AXIN1),AT rich interaction domain 1A(ARID1A),and protein kinase B(AKT2)in thyroid cancer(TC)tissue,and to identify their correlations with clinical pathological features and prognosis of TC.Methods A total of 102 patients confirmed as TC and treated from January 2020 to December 2020 were recruited.Cancer tissue and adjacent tissue specimens were collected,and the 3-year follow-up was conducted.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the protein expressions of AXIN1,ARID1A,and AKT2 proteins in tissues.Multivariate Cox regression was applied to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of TC patients.Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the correlation of expression levels of AXIN1,ARID1A,and AKT2 in TC tissues with the prognosis.Results The positive expression rate of AXIN1,ARID1A,and AKT2 in TC tissues was 27.45%,40.20%,and 68.63%,respectively.Compared with adjacent tissues,the positive expression rate of AXIN1 and ARID1A in TC tissues was significantly lower(P<0.05),while the positive expression rate of AKT2 was significantly higher(P<0.05).The positive expression rates of AXIN1 and ARID1A in TC patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly lower than those without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05),and the positive expression rate of AKT2 was significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).The 3-year survival rate of TC patients with positive AXIN1 was significantly higher than those with negative AXIN1(24/28,85.71%vs 48/74,64.86%,χ2=4.253,P<0.05).The 3-year survival rate of TC patients with positive ARID1A was significantly higher than those with negative ARID1A(34/41,82.93%vs 38/61,62.30%,χ2=5.027,P<0.05).The 3-year survival rate of TC patients with positive AKT2 was significantly lower than those with negative AKT2(44/70,62.86%vs 28/32,87.50%,χ2=6.424,P<0.05).AXIN1 and ARID1A were independent protective factors for the death in TC patients(P<0.05),while AKT2 was an independent risk factor(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of AXIN1 and ARID1A in TC tissues are downregulated,while the expression level of AKT2 is upregulated.They are related to the pathological features and prognosis of TC.AXIN1 and ARID1A are independent protective factors for death in TC patients,while AKT2 is an independent risk factor.