A combined detection of serum IFN-γ,IL-2,and PCT in the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis combined with pneumonia

HU Wei; LI Wenquan; LIU Xiang

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2025.10.018

Abstract：Objective To explore the value of combined detection of serum interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2),and procalcitonin(PCT)in an early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)complicated with pneumonia.Methods A total of 158 PTB patients admitted to our hospital from July 2021 to July 2024 were included in the study,with 52 patients combined with pneumonia in the pneumonia group and the remaining 106 patients in the control group.The automated hematology analyzer was used to detect white blood cell(WBC)count,neutrophil percentage(NE％),and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR).The tuberculosis-specific cytokine detection kit was used to measure the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the samples.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of PCT in the samples.The logistic regression equation was used to calculate the independent predictive factors for pneumonia in PTB patients.Meanwhile,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted,and the area under the curve was calculated to determine the diagnostic efficiency of serum IFN-γ,IL-2,and PCT levels in predicting pneumonia of PTB patients.Results WBC,NE％,NLR,PCT,IFN-γ,and IL-2 levels in the pneumonia group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Serum WBC,NE％,NLR,PCT,IFN-γ,and IL-2 were all independent risk factors for pneumonia in PTB patients.The AUC value was 0.760 of PCT,0.828 of IFN-γ,0.731 of IL-2,and 0.899 of their combination.The AUC value for combined diagnosis was significantly higher than that of the single detection(Z=3.417,Z=2.840,and Z=3.953,respectively;P＜0.05),with higher sensitivity and specificity than individual indicators.Conclusion Serum PCT,IFN-γ,and IL-2 can be used to effectively predict the occurrence of pneumonia in PTB patients,having certain clinical application value.