Research on Quantum Key Recovery Attack for Yo-yo Block Cipher
DING Lang
LUO Qingbin
LIAO Haoyu
LI Hao
CHEN Zhuoyan
Abstract：To address the problem of how to leverage the advantages of quantum computing to perform practical key recovery attacks on block ciphers,the required quantum resources for key recovery attacks were optimized based on Grover algorithm,building upon improvements to the quantum circuit of the Yo-yo block cipher.Firstly,based on the substitution(S)box lookup table,the S box quantum circuit was successfully implemented using the Dorcis tool.Secondly,by directly substituting input variables,swap gates in the S box quantum circuit were eliminated.Thirdly,this method was applied to the encryption and key expansion algorithms to remove permutation operations.Fourthly,by backtracking the ciphertext from the second round of iteration,the value obtained in the first round was used to construct the target function for the Grover algorithm,thereby avoiding the second round of iteration.Finally,the Grover algorithm was applied to perform quantum key recovery attacks on the Yo-yo block cipher,successfully retrieving the correct key.The correctness of the quantum circuit was verified using the Qiskit Aer quantum simulator.The results showed that,compared with the Vu method(VM),the optimized Grover algorithm attacking the quantum circuit of Yo-yo reduced the consumption of controlled-not(CNOT)gates,not(NOT)gates,Toffoli gates and swap(SWAP)gates by an average of 22%,13%,33%and 68%respectively.The algorithm effectively reduced the quantum implementation cost,thus reducing the resource consumption required for quantum key recovery attacks.
Keywords：quantum computingquantum resourceGrover algorithmS boxquantum circuitDorcis tool
Publication Date：2025-09-20
Online Publishing Date：2025-09-24(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 341-345 )