Serum and gingival crevicular fluid HIF-1α and IL-1β expression levels and their correlation with inflammatory marker levels and treatment outcomes in elderly patients with cracked tooth complicated by chronic pulpitis

Li Leilei; Meng Deting; Wang Xiaoli; Wang Jinfeng; Yu Lei; Yang Yun; Sui Xiaodong; Wang Yumei

doi:10.11986/j.issn.1673-873X.2025.06.11

Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between serum and gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and both inflammatory marker levels and treatment out-comes in elderly patients with cracked tooth complicated by chronic pulpitis.Methods Clinical data were collected from 80 elderly patients with cracked tooth complicated by chronic pulpitis who were treated at Dongying People's Hospital from Jan-uary 2020 to January 2024.Patients were categorized according to treatment outcome into a good-outcome group(n=55)and a poor-outcome group(n=25).Pre-treatment serum and GCF levels of HIF-1α and IL-1β,as well as serum tumor nec-rosis factor-α(TNF-α)and C-reactive protein(CRP)were measured.Serum and GCF HIF-1α and IL-1β levels were com-pared between outcome groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine relationships of serum with GCF HIF-1α/IL-1β expression levels,TNF-α levels,and CRP levels.Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors as-sociated with treatment outcome.Results No significant differences between the two groups were noted in sex distribution,duration of the gingival fissure,duration of chronic pulpitis,or comorbidity status(P＞0.05).Patients in the poor-outcome group were significantly older than those in the good-outcome group(P＜0.05).Serum HIF-1α and IL-1β levels did not dif-fer significantly between groups(P＞0.05).However,GCF HIF-1α and IL-1β expression levels and serum TNF-α and CRP levels were higher in the poor-outcome group than in the good-outcome group,and these differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that GCF HIF-1α and GCF IL-1β levels were associated with treatment out-come(P＜0.05),whereas age was not significantly associated with treatment outcome(P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that serum and GCF HIF-1α and IL-1β expression levels were positively correlated with TNF-α and CRP levels(P＜0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients with cracked tooth complicated by chronic pulpitis,treatment outcome is closely cor-related with GCF HIF-1α and IL-1β expression levels.Serum and GCF HIF-1α and IL-1β expression levels are positively cor-related with TNF-α and CRP levels.Continuous clinical monitoring of TNF-α and CRP levels may therefore help evaluate treatment outcomes and guide individualized therapeutic strategies.