Management of Irregular Vaginal Bleeding Induced by the Progestin only Contraceptives
JIN Li
Abstract： Therearethreekindsofprogesteroneonlycontraceptives (POCs),intramuscularinjection, implants and levonorgestrel-intrauterine system(LNG-IUS). POCs offer the safe,effective and reversible contraceptive options,particulary for women with the risk of venous thromboembolism. Breakthrough or irregular bleeding (BTB) and amenorrhea are the main side-effects,which often lead to discontinuation. The exact pathophysiolog-ical mechanisms of BTB remain unclear,but they are likely to relate to the chronic endometritis,thin and dilated wall of vessels in subendometrium,high expression of COX-2 and MMP-9. Many effective methods are tried to stop bleeding. The most important thing is to consult the women carefully before their utilization of POCs.
Keywords：ContraceptionProgestinsMetrorrhagiaAmenorrheaTreatment
Publication Date：2013-01-01
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 236-239,249 )