Overview of modern commercial kits for laboratory diagnosis of African swine fever and swine influenza A viruses
Larysa Muzykina
Lucía Barrado-Gil
Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
Jose Joaquin Cerón
Covadonga Alonso
María Montoya
Abstract：Rapid and early detection of infectious diseases in pigs is crucial, especially for implementing control measures in suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF), as most affected countries have not yet developed effective and safe vaccines. Additionally, the analysis of swine influenza is also important, although its mortality rate is lower than that of ASF, its incidence rate is very high (up to 100%). The widespread distribution of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) globally, the continuous emergence of new recombinant strains, and the risk of human infection highlight the necessity of rapid and accurate diagnosis. Depending on the specific situation, sample type, and research purpose, various diagnostic approaches and commercial testing methods should be used. In the early stages of the disease, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for viral genome detection have been proven to be a sensitive and specific method. As the disease progresses, the diagnostic value of serological tests increases, as specific antibodies appear in the later stages of the disease (ASF virus antibodies appear 7-10 days after infection in pigs, and SwIAV antibodies appear 10-21 days after infection). It is evident that researchers are currently developing commercial kits with higher sensitivity and specificity. This article aims to analyze the latest research progress in the diagnosis of ASF and swine influenza A, and to evaluate the performance of current commercial test kits.
Keywords：Swine Influenza A VirusAfrican Swine Fever VirusDiagnostic TestsLateral Flow Assay
Publication Date：2025-04-30
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：11( 1-11 )