Analysis of the Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Hospital-Acquired Infections Among Inpatients in a Secondary Hospital in 2022

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8521.2025.01.013

Abstract：Objective: To analyze the distribution of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in hospital-acquired infections among inpatients at Zhengzhou No. 15 People's Hospital in 2022. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the basic information of 18,119 inpatients from January to December 2022. According to the diagnostic criteria for hospital infection, new cases of hospital-acquired infections were counted, and pathogen detection was performed. The incidence rate of hospital infections in various departments was statistically analyzed, as well as the distribution of infection sites, types of multidrug-resistant bacteria detected, and the distribution of multidrug-resistant bacteria by month. Results: Among the 18,119 inpatients, there were 42 new cases of hospital-acquired infections, with an incidence rate of 0.23%. Among the 42 patients with hospital infections, pathogens were detected in 19 cases (45.24%) from lower respiratory tract specimens, 8 cases (19.05%) from urinary tract specimens, and 7 cases (16.67%) from blood specimens, which were the top three sources of specimens. The proportion of lower respiratory tract specimens was significantly higher than that of other specimen sources (P < 0.05). Among the 10,869 specimens collected (excluding repeated specimens from the same patient), 1,573 were positive, with a positivity rate of 14.47%. A total of 245 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains were detected, accounting for 15.57% of the positive specimens. Among the 245 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, the highest proportion was ESBL-producing bacteria (54.29%), which was significantly higher than that of other multidrug-resistant bacteria (x² = 129.283, 73.609, 143.410, 75.429, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In view of the types and distribution of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, further strengthening of infection control measures should be implemented, and the rational use of antimicrobial drugs should be promoted to reduce the risk of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.