Comparison the effectiveness of different screening methods for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies in unpaid blood donors

Gao Hongmei; Wang Shuai; Zhang Rui

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-8521.2023.02.004

Abstract：Objective:To analyze the anti-HIV screening results of unpaid blood donors in blood stations,and provide the basis for the rational selection of testing reagents in clinical testing.Methods:A total of 28 000 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Nanyang Central Blood Station from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and the results of anti-HIV screening and confirmation were analyzed.Results:Among the 28 000 blood samples from voluntary blood donors,0.100%were positive in the initial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)screening,0.075%were positive in the double reagent screening,and 0.068%were positive in nucleic acid testing.The confirmation test results showed that 0.050%were positive,0.018%were negative,and 0.007%were uncertain.ELISA reexamination positive,ELISA preliminary screening positive and nucleic acid positive were consistent with confirmatory test positive.Out of the initial screening positive samples,10(35.71%)confirmed positive results,including 7(25.00%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6;17(60.71%)with negative results,among which,9(32.14%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6;1(3.57%)with uncertain S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6.Among the positive ELISA reexamination samples,14(66.67%)were confirmed to be positive,of which 2(9.52%)with S/CO values ranging from 6 to<10,and 12(57.14%)with S/CO values of≥10;5(19.05%)confirmed tests were negative,of which 3(14.29%)with S/CO values ranging from 0.8 to<1,1(4.76%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6,and 1(4.76%)with S/CO values ranging from 6 to<10;2(9.52%)with uncertain S/CO values ranging from 6 to<10.There were 14 nucleic acid samples confirmed positive,of which 9(47.37%)with S/CO value ranging from 1 to<6,3(15.79%)with S/CO value ranging from 6 to<10,and 2(10.53%)with S/CO value≥10;3 confirmatory tests were negative,of which 1(5.26%)with S/CO values ranging from 0.8 to<1,2(10.53%)with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6;2(10.53%)was uncertain with S/CO values ranging from 1 to<6.For these HIV positive unpaid blood donors,it was found that 57.14%were younger than 35 years old,and the proportion of the first time blood donors was higher(85.71%).HIV was mainly transmitted through sexual contact.Conclusions:There is a high consistency between the positive anti-HIV,nucleic acid test and the positive confirmatory test,which can accurately detect HIV infection in blood.Emphasis should be placed on HIV screening for people under 35 years old and first time blood donors.