The advances,challenges,and future directions of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer
LI Bei-bei
LIU Chun-ling
Abstract：Lung cancer remains a leading cause of death both in China and globally.Surgery represents the most curative treatment option for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients,yet the 5-year survival rate re-mains poor and inconsistent,with a high risk of recurrence post-resection.For advanced NSCLC,the 5-year survival rate is only approximately 4％.Since the U.S.FDA approved immunotherapy in 2015,immuno-oncology has revolution-ized NSCLC treatment.Numerous landmark clinical trials have revised treatment guidelines for early-stage resectable NSCLC,establishing immunotherapy as the optimal choice for perioperative/neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),either alone or combined with chemotherapy,have become first-line treatments for meta-static NSCLC.Despite progress in survival outcomes,patient prognosis still warrants further improvement.Combination therapies show promise in overcoming resistance and enhancing efficacy.This review elaborates on the advancement of im-munotherapy in the NSCLC treatment paradigm,focusing on combination strategies with chemotherapy,anti-angiogenic agents,novel immune checkpoints,and emerging approaches such as vaccines and CAR-T therapy,supported by clini-cal trial evidence.It comprehensively analyzes the advantages and challenges of immunotherapy.Furthermore,it explores the potential of biomarkers in personalizing treatment and optimizing immunotherapy outcomes.
Keywords：non-small cell lung cancerimmunotherapyimmune checkpoint
Publication Date：2025-12-15
Online Publishing Date：2026-01-12(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：8( 1913-1920 )