Study on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of different types of snake bites by multivariate analysis
LIU Hui-xian
ZENG Zhong-yi
LIU Yu-xiang
MO Zhi-zhun
YANG Mei-ling
RUAN Shao-mei
Abstract：Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and key prognostic factors associated with differ-ent types of venomous snakebites,and to provide evidence for optimizing clinical management and regional medical re-source allocation.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 213 cases of venomous snakebite admitted to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Snakebite Treatment Center from January 2023 to January 2025.Univariate analyses and multivariate generalized linear models(GLM)were applied to identify predictors of clinical outcomes.Results Cobra en-venomation significantly prolonged hospitalization(median 10 days vs.5 days for Trimeresurus stejnegeri,P=0.01).Male patients exhibited longer leukocyte recovery time(7 vs.6 days,P=0.04).Wound necrosis also extended hospitali-zation(median 8 days,P=0.01).Early antivenom administration(≤6 h)reduced coagulation recovery time by 32％(P=0.005,OR=0.028).Multivariate GLM identified prehospital incision and drainage as an extremely high-risk fac-tor(OR=387.882,P＜0.001),non-closure treatment as an independent predictor of delayed D-dimer recovery(OR=1.351,P=0.006),and severe envenomation markedly increased the risk of complications and prolonged hospital-ization(OR approaching 0,P＜0.001).Conclusion Cobra envenomation,male sex,and wound necrosis significantly prolong the clinical course of venomous snakebite.Early antivenom administration(≤6 h)markedly accelerates coagula-tion recovery and reduces complication risk.Multivariate analysis highlights that non-standard prehospital procedures-especially incision and drainage-pose substantial harm and should be strictly avoided.Clinical management should priori-tize early antivenom therapy and wound-closure treatment in high-risk patients,and regional resource planning should consider snake activity patterns to reduce disability and healthcare burden.
Keywords：venomous snakebiteantivenomgeneralized linear model(GLM)prognostic factorsclinical characteristics
Publication Date：2025-12-15
Online Publishing Date：2026-01-12(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：10( 1878-1887 )